EST Reading Passage practice – The Science of Sleep

Sleep is a fundamental biological process, yet its precise functions remain somewhat mysterious. Scientists have long debated why humans spend roughly one-third of their lives in this unconscious state. Recent studies suggest that sleep serves multiple critical roles, ranging from memory consolidation to emotional regulation and even physical recovery.

During sleep, the brain engages in a complex series of activities. In the early stages of sleep, known as non-REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the body relaxes, heart rate slows, and brain activity shifts into slower wave patterns. This phase is crucial for restoring energy and repairing tissues. Later, during REM sleep, the brain becomes highly active, almost resembling its waking state. It is during this stage that most dreaming occurs, and researchers believe it plays a vital role in processing emotions and solidifying memories.

Despite these insights, modern lifestyles often disrupt natural sleep cycles. Artificial lighting, electronic devices, and demanding work schedules can interfere with the body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to numerous health issues, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired cognitive function. Some experts argue that society undervalues sleep, viewing it as expendable rather than essential.

To combat these challenges, scientists are exploring innovative solutions. For example, wearable technology now allows individuals to track their sleep patterns and make adjustments accordingly. Additionally, research into the effects of napping suggests that short periods of rest can improve alertness and performance without interfering with nighttime sleep.

Ultimately, understanding the science of sleep may help humanity reclaim its importance in daily life. By prioritizing rest, people could enhance both their physical well-being and mental clarity, leading to healthier, more productive lives.

1-The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A) Argue against the use of technology before bedtime.
B) Explain the functions of sleep and its importance.
C) Provide a detailed analysis of REM sleep.
D) Discuss how artificial lighting affects sleep quality.

2- According to the passage, which of the following is true about REM sleep?
A) It primarily restores physical energy.
B) It involves minimal brain activity.
C) It is important for processing emotions and memories.
D) It occurs immediately after falling asleep.

3- What does the author imply about modern society’s attitude toward sleep?
A) People value sleep as much as diet and exercise.
B) Sleep is often seen as less important than other activities.
C) Most people prioritize sleep over work commitments.
D) Society fully understands the benefits of sleep.

4- Based on the passage, which of the following would the author most likely agree with?
A) Napping should be avoided because it disrupts nighttime sleep.
B) Wearable technology is unnecessary for improving sleep habits.
C) Prioritizing sleep can lead to improved health and productivity.
D) Artificial lighting has no significant impact on sleep cycles.

5- As used in line 28, “reclaim” most nearly means:
A) Recover.
B) Reject.
C) Redefine.
D) Restore.